diff --git a/bot.py b/bot.py
index 7179b2a..aec0cbe 100644
--- a/bot.py
+++ b/bot.py
@@ -3705,6 +3705,105 @@ class Bot:
         except Exception:
             logger.exception("Failed to update call.member state with E2EE key in %s", room_id)
 
+        # To-device: send Olm-encrypted key to all other call participants
+        # Element X reads keys from encrypted to-device messages only
+        await self._send_e2ee_key_to_device(room_id, key_b64)
+
+    async def _send_e2ee_key_to_device(self, room_id: str, key_b64: str):
+        """Send bot's E2EE key as Olm-encrypted to-device message to call participants."""
+        try:
+            import httpx
+            import uuid as _uuid
+            token = self.client.access_token
+
+            # Find other call participants from call.member state events
+            state_url = f"{HOMESERVER}/_matrix/client/v3/rooms/{room_id}/state"
+            async with httpx.AsyncClient(timeout=10.0) as http:
+                resp = await http.get(state_url, headers={"Authorization": f"Bearer {token}"})
+                if resp.status_code != 200:
+                    return
+                targets = []
+                for evt in resp.json():
+                    if evt.get("type") != CALL_MEMBER_TYPE:
+                        continue
+                    sender = evt.get("sender", "")
+                    if sender == BOT_USER:
+                        continue
+                    content_evt = evt.get("content", {})
+                    if not content_evt:
+                        continue
+                    device = content_evt.get("device_id", "")
+                    if device:
+                        targets.append((sender, device))
+
+            if not targets:
+                return
+
+            # Payload matching Element Call's to-device format
+            payload_content = {
+                "keys": {"index": 0, "key": key_b64},
+                "room_id": room_id,
+                "member": {"claimed_device_id": BOT_DEVICE_ID},
+            }
+
+            # Olm-encrypt for each target device
+            messages = {}
+            olm = self.client.olm
+            if not olm:
+                logger.warning("No Olm instance — cannot send encrypted to-device key")
+                return
+
+            for user_id, device_id in targets:
+                # Get the device from the device store
+                device = olm.device_store.get(user_id, device_id) if hasattr(olm, 'device_store') else None
+                if not device:
+                    # Need to fetch device keys first
+                    logger.info("Fetching device keys for %s/%s", user_id, device_id)
+                    await self.client.keys_query()
+                    device = olm.device_store.get(user_id, device_id) if hasattr(olm, 'device_store') else None
+
+                if not device:
+                    logger.warning("Device %s/%s not found in store, sending unencrypted", user_id, device_id)
+                    messages.setdefault(user_id, {})[device_id] = payload_content
+                    continue
+
+                # Find or create Olm session
+                session = olm.session_store.get(device.curve25519)
+                if not session:
+                    # Claim one-time key and create session
+                    logger.info("Claiming one-time key for %s/%s", user_id, device_id)
+                    claim_resp = await self.client.keys_claim(user_id, device_id)
+                    session = olm.session_store.get(device.curve25519)
+
+                if session:
+                    encrypted = olm._olm_encrypt(
+                        session, device, ENCRYPTION_KEYS_TYPE, payload_content
+                    )
+                    messages.setdefault(user_id, {})[device_id] = encrypted
+                    logger.info("Olm-encrypted E2EE key for %s/%s", user_id, device_id)
+                else:
+                    logger.warning("No Olm session for %s/%s, sending unencrypted", user_id, device_id)
+                    messages.setdefault(user_id, {})[device_id] = payload_content
+
+            # Send via PUT /sendToDevice
+            event_type = "m.room.encrypted" if any(
+                "ciphertext" in v.get(list(v.keys())[0], {}) if v else False
+                for v in messages.values()
+            ) else ENCRYPTION_KEYS_TYPE
+            txn_id = str(_uuid.uuid4())
+            send_url = f"{HOMESERVER}/_matrix/client/v3/sendToDevice/{event_type}/{txn_id}"
+            async with httpx.AsyncClient(timeout=10.0) as http:
+                resp = await http.put(
+                    send_url,
+                    headers={"Authorization": f"Bearer {token}"},
+                    json={"messages": messages},
+                )
+                resp.raise_for_status()
+                logger.info("Sent E2EE key via to-device (%s) to %d target(s): %s",
+                            event_type, len(targets), targets)
+        except Exception:
+            logger.exception("Failed to send E2EE key via to-device")
+
     async def _route_verification(self, room, event: UnknownEvent):
         """Route in-room verification events from UnknownEvent."""
         source = event.source or {}