diff --git a/voice.py b/voice.py
index 7f975bf..2b301c9 100644
--- a/voice.py
+++ b/voice.py
@@ -408,11 +408,11 @@ class VoiceSession:
                 logger.info("Track pub: %s %s kind=%s", p.identity, pub.sid, pub.kind)
 
             @self.lk_room.on("track_muted")
-            def on_mute(pub, p):
+            def on_mute(p, pub):
                 logger.info("Track MUTED: %s %s kind=%s", p.identity, pub.sid, pub.kind)
 
             @self.lk_room.on("track_unmuted")
-            def on_unmute(pub, p):
+            def on_unmute(p, pub):
                 logger.info("Track UNMUTED: %s %s kind=%s", p.identity, pub.sid, pub.kind)
 
             @self.lk_room.on("track_subscribed")
@@ -483,12 +483,24 @@ class VoiceSession:
             ok = kp.set_key(bot_identity, self._bot_key, 0)
             logger.info("Set bot key for %s (ok=%s, %d bytes)", bot_identity, ok, len(self._bot_key))
 
-            # Element Call may rotate keys when bot joins — handled asynchronously by
-            # on_encryption_key() (stores keys) + on_track_subscribed() / on_e2ee_state_changed()
-            # (applies keys when frame cryptor exists).  No blocking wait needed.
-            logger.info("E2EE key state: %d keys stored (max_idx=%d)",
-                        len(self._caller_all_keys),
-                        max(self._caller_all_keys.keys()) if self._caller_all_keys else -1)
+            # Element Call rotates its key when bot joins. Wait up to 3s for the
+            # rotated key to arrive via nio sync before proceeding.  If it arrives,
+            # on_encryption_key() stores it and (if track already subscribed) sets it.
+            pre_key_count = len(self._caller_all_keys)
+            pre_max_idx = max(self._caller_all_keys.keys()) if self._caller_all_keys else -1
+            logger.info("Waiting up to 3s for key rotation (current: %d keys, max_idx=%d)...",
+                        pre_key_count, pre_max_idx)
+            for _wait in range(6):  # 6 × 0.5s = 3s
+                await asyncio.sleep(0.5)
+                new_count = len(self._caller_all_keys)
+                new_max = max(self._caller_all_keys.keys()) if self._caller_all_keys else -1
+                if new_max > pre_max_idx or new_count > pre_key_count:
+                    self._caller_key = self._caller_all_keys[new_max]
+                    logger.info("Key rotated: index %d→%d, count %d→%d",
+                                pre_max_idx, new_max, pre_key_count, new_count)
+                    break
+            else:
+                logger.info("No key rotation after 3s — proceeding with key[%d]", pre_max_idx)
 
             # Find the remote participant, wait up to 10s if not yet connected
             remote_identity = None